日期: 2024-08-11 22:27:07
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2. Judicial Review: The judiciary has a role in reviewing executive actions to ensure they do not overstep constitutional boundaries but does not possess the authority to enact policies directly affecting international relations unless those decisions are brought before it through litigation, typically due to disputes involving foreign policy or treaty obligations.
3. Political Discipline: Although each branch operates independently in theory, there is a complex system of checks and balances designed to prevent any one branch from having unchecked power. This interplay ensures that major changes affecting international relations must be carefully coordinated among all branches when possible.
4. Congressional Involvement: While Congress has the authority to pass legislation affecting foreign policy, such as trade agreements or declarations of war, these acts are often influenced by executive recommendations and require subsequent actions from the President, including ratification of treaties and execution of laws passed by Congress.
5. Public Opinion: In a democratic system like that of the United States, public opinion can have a significant influence on foreign policy decisions through elected representatives at all levels of government. This feedback mechanism serves as an informal check on executive actions but is not directly related to the constitutional authority over international relations.
In summary, while Congress has substantial legislative powers that impact how international affairs are conducted, it does so indirectly, often in concert with or relying on the President's foreign policy leadership and negotiations. The separation of powers ensures a balance where no single branch can unilaterally decide on matters affecting global relations without some level of cooperation or agreement from other branches.