日期: 2024-07-14 03:05:48
在中国网络上，微博已经成为一个引人关注的新闻媒介。最近，一个令人印象深刻的事件——“抖音王大炮电钻”，取得了广泛观众的关注。这次事件不仅在中国有所影响，更引起了全球尤其是欧洲社区的兴奋与焦虑。在此讨论一下，我们将透过这个事件来理解电钻师王大炮的以前视频，并探讨这次出现对他作为电钻佼佼者的意义。
首先，关于"抖音王大炮"事件，它是一个由敏感频道中的网友快速传播的消息。据说是一名欧洲电钻佼併者在线上制造并发布了一则震慑人心的视频片段，其内容显示了王大炮以前的高标准操作技巧和电钻使用手艺。这条视频在快速传播过程中引发了极大程度的争议，并且不幸地损坏了他的个人品照和专业形象。
此外，关于王大炮在网上视频的前身，据说这位电钻师之前有相对较少的公开印象。他在某些私人社交平台上曝光了一些轻微的技术内容，但未能达到当下事件所展现出的影� Written evidence (WDC 103) - The Board of Control for Cricket in India
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for cricket in India. We are an independent organisation, established on 1 May 1927 and registered as a Trust under Indian Trust Act of 1882 with effect from April 15, 1936. The BCCI was formally affiliated to the ICC on 8 January 1926 after India became an associate member in December 1927 but only assumed responsibility for governing domestic cricket in July 1948. It is currently chaired by Mr Sourav Ganguly and has two vice-chairmen, former captains Anil Kumble and Ravi Shastri, respectively. The BCCI consists of various committees that govern all aspects of Indian cricket.
The following section summarises some key activities under the purview of these various committees:
International Cricket Council (ICC) Partnership Programmes
Participation in ICC tournaments and programmes has been a hallmark of BCCI's success at an international level. The Board, as a member country, takes part in all the major global cricket activities organised by the ICC - which include but not limited to:
• Test Series
• One Day International (ODI) series
• World Cup and Asia Cup for men’s teams
• Women' Written evidence: The Board of Control for Cricket in India (WDC 103) - The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for cricket in India. We are an independent organisation, established on 1 May 1927 and registered as a Trust under Indian Trust Act of 1882 with effect from April 15, 1936. The BCCI was formally affiliated to the ICC on 8 January 1926 after India became an associate member in December 1927 but only assumed responsibility for governing domestic cricket in July 1948. It is currently chaired by Mr Sourav Ganguly and has two vice-chairmen, former captains Anil Kumble and Ravi Shastri, respectively. The BCCI consists of various committees that govern all aspects of Indian cricket.
The following section summarises some key activities under the purview of these various committees:
International Cricket Council (ICC) Partnership Programmes
Participation in ICC tournaments and programmes has been a hallmark of BCCI's success at an international level. The Board, as a member country, takes part in all the major global cricket activities organised by the ICC - which include but are not limited to:
• Test Series
• One Day International (ODI) series
• World Cup and Asia Cup for men’s teams
• Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is)
• Junior World Cups
Under these programmes, BCCI is also involved in the administration of Indian cricket events such as:
• Board XI matches
• List A matches
• Domestic T20 tournaments
• Under-19 and women's domestic events
ICC Test Championship
The ICC Test Championship was launched by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2002. The ICC organises a Test cricket championship that consists of six teams, namely England, Australia, India, New Zealand, South Africa and Sri Lanka. These countries play a fixed number of test series against each other every year to determine the champions of this tournament.
Indian cricket team participates in these international events under three formats – Test Matches (T20I), One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 matches (T20Is). In the ICC Test Championship, India participated from 1973 till 2 Written evidence: The Board of Control for Cricket in India (WDC 103) - The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for cricket in India. We are an independent organisation, established on 1 May 1927 and registered as a Trust under Indian Trust Act of 1882 with effect from April 15, 1936. The BCCI was formally affiliated to the ICC on 8 January 1926 after India became an associate member in December 1927 but only assumed responsibility for governing domestic cricket in July 1948. It is currently chaired by Mr Sourav Ganguly and has two vice-chairmen, former captains Anil Kumble and Ravi Shastri, respectively. The BCCI consists of various committees that govern all aspects of Indian cricket.
The following section summarises some key activities under the purview of these various committees:
International Cricket Council (ICC) Partnership Programmes
Participation in ICC tournaments and programmes has been a hallmark of BCCI's success at an international level. The Board, as a member country, takes part in all the major global cricket activities organised by the ICC - which include but are not limited to:
• Test Series
• One Day International (ODI) series
• World Cup and Asia Cup for men’s teams
• Women' Written evidence: The Board of Control for Cricket in India (WDC 103) - The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for cricket in India. We are an independent organisation, established on 1 May 1927 and registered as a Trust under Indian Trust Act of 1882 with effect from April 15, 1936. The BCCI was formally affiliated to the ICC on 8 January 1926 after India became an associate member in December 1927 but only assumed responsibility for governing domestic cricket in July 1948. It is currently chaired by Mr Sourav Ganguly and has two vice-chairmen, former captains Anil Kumble and Ravi Shastri, respectively. The BCCI consists of various committees that govern all aspects of Indian cricket.
The following section summarises some key activities under the purview of these various committees:
International Cricket Council (ICC) Partnership Programmes
Participation in ICC tournaments and programmes has been a hallmark of BCCI's success at an international level. The Board, as a member country, takes part in all the major global cricket activities organised by the ICC - which include but are not limited to:
• Test Series
• One Day International (ODI) series
• World Cup and Asia Cup for men’s teams
• Women' Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is)
• Junior World Cups
Under these programmes, BCCI is also involved in the administration of Indian cricket events such as:
• Board XI matches
• List A matches
• Domestic T20 tournaments
• Under-19 and women's domestic events
ICC Test Championship
The ICC Test Championship was launched by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2002. The ICC organises a Test cricket championship that consists of six teams, namely England, Australia, India, New Zealand, South Africa and Sri Lanka. These countries play a fixed number of test series against each other every year to determine the champions of this tournament.
Indian cricket team participates in these international events under three formats – Test Matches (T20I), One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 matches (T20Is). In the ICC Test Championship, India participated from 1973 till 2 Written evidence: The Board of Control for Cricket in India (WDC 104) - On behalf of my client, the All-India Football Federation (AIFF), this is a submission to your committee. AIFF would like to make it clear that we have no affiliation with ICC or any other international cricket body.
The objective of our engagement here in front of you today was to explain the plight and the ongoing struggles of Indian football, but unfortunately this has not been possible due to certain reasons which are explained below:
For a long time now, AIFF had engaged with ICC (then known as BCCI) for discussions regarding some issues relating to international cricket. The same was also communicated to the relevant members of Parliament and other stakeholders concerned in matters pertaining to sports and notably football. In spite of all these efforts, AIFF has been unable to see any meaningful outcome from ICC (and BCCI).
There were many instances where discussions took place with various stakeholders at the highest level, but our request for a seat in Executive Committee was repeatedly rejected. This is not unique and an issue that we have faced over time since 1948 when AIFF became affiliated to ICC (then known as BCCI).
The last point of contention was with regard to the appointment process wherein there has been a misperception on our part, based on information given by BCCI officials that if India is selected for a position in Executive Committee then it would automatically be given a representative's post. The AIFF board had accepted this as fact and therefore voted unanimously to back the Indian nomination.
The second issue arose when there was an official announcement made by ICC stating clearly on 27 January, 2 Written evidence: The Board of Control for Cricket in India (WDC 104) - On behalf of my client, the All-India Football Federation (AIFF), this is a submission to your committee. AIFF would like to make it clear that we have no affiliation with ICC or any other international cricket body.
The objective of our engagement here in front of you today was to explain the plight and the ongoing struggles of Indian football, but unfortunately this has not been possible due to certain reasons which are explained below:
For a long time now, AIFF had engaged with ICC (then known as BCCI) for discussions regarding some issues relating to international cricket. The same was also communicated to the relevant members of Parliament and other stakeholders concerned in matters pertaining to sports and notably football. In spite of all these efforts, AIFF has been unable to see any meaningful outcome from ICC (and BCCI).
There were many instances where discussions took place with various stakeholders at the highest level, but our request for a seat in Executive Committee was repeatedly rejected. This is not unique and an issue that we have faced over time since 1948 when AIFF became affiliated to ICC (then known as BCCI).
The last point of contention was with regard to the appointment process wherein there has been a misperception on our part, based on information given by BCCI officials that if India is selected for a position in Executive Committee then it would automatically be given a representative's post. The AIFF board had accepted this as fact and therefore voted unanimously to back the Indian nomination.
The above issue arose after an announcement was made on 27 January, 2019 by ICC which stated clearly that any country not having a seat in their Executive Committee would have no opportunity to participate in upcoming events (ICC World Cup Qualifiers). The decision had been taken with effect from the meeting held at Singapore.
It is pertinent here to note that on 25 February, 2019 AIFF wrote back to ICC and requested them not to bar India's participation as it would be against the interests of football in India due to the fact that there are two World Cup Qualifiers lined up within a period of nine months. We highlighted our commitment towards fulfilling all criteria set by ICC for future appointments, which we have done before and will continue doing so at every opportunity available with them (which has been repeatedly ignored).
Our written response to this situation was shared in full detail in the letter dated 27 February, 2019. However due to certain technicalities on that date AIFF had not filed a formal objection and therefore we were unable to participate further or have our views heard by ICC authorities at that particular point of time.
In May this year, BCCI (or ICC) announced the list of countries eligible for Executive Committee seats which included only seven nations: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, England, India and South Africa. There was no mention of any country other than these in their press release or on their official website.
It is pertinent here to note that as per Article 12(d) (iii), the Executive Committee must consist of nine members elected by an Assembly consisting of all national federations which are full-members and have been eligible for membership since January, 2017. The article further provides a mandatory time frame within which each country will be given one opportunity to secure a position on this committee:
Article 12(d) (iii)
A Member shall not be eligible for election until three years have been allowed to lapse from the date of its admission as an Associate Member and it has been eligible since then.
On June 6th, 2enas, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, England, India and South Africa were given a chance by ICC (or BCCI) through their press release which was widely disseminated on various social media platforms. We have not seen or heard of any other country being considered for this important seat in the Executive Committee as mentioned in Article 12(d)(iii).
On June 8th, we were given a call from Mr Shiv Chopra and he was emphatic that only five countries could be considered. He also stated: "This is not a formal objection but it's an expression of our views." The issue had been raised at the meeting on 25 May where India was one of the few nations to request for another country or countries in addition to Afghanistan and South Africa, who were given seats on that day.
We made this call because we are still hoping there may be a way out as our position has always remained clear over the years; we have sought an opportunity at every possible moment but failed miserably. The Indian public and fans of football in India deserve to see us win something on the international stage, which is not even remotely close due to lack of opportunities created by ICC (then known as BCCI) for a long time now.
A country like Afghanistan was given this seat despite having no representation in any executive committee since 2017 and have never had one before that date either, nor is it likely to fulfil all the requirements set out in Article 12(d)(iii) of ICC's Constitution.
We strongly believe that there are many other countries who also deserve a chance on this important committee, but none has been given by ICC (then BCCI). As per the information provided to us and discussed above, India was in the running with Afghanistan as one such nation which is not currently part of an Executive Committee.
It has been brought to our notice that ICC had earlier considered a proposal from Mr Chopra himself to include all eight countries on their Executive Committees during its meeting held back in September 2018, but it was subsequently rejected by the full Board due to financial constraints and various other reasons which were never disclosed.
It is pertinent here for ICC (or BCCI) to note that our objection has been raised before as well over several meetings; we have made numerous efforts in this regard since 2016 but they have all gone unnoticed by the Board and therefore there is nothing much we can do about it, except take legal recourse.
We understand ICC's position on its decision to keep just five countries eligible for a seat on their Executive Committees due to financial constraints, however as per Article 25(1) of the ICC Constitution "The Court of Arbitration has jurisdiction over disputes in relation with this Statutes and Regulations".
Therefore we firmly believe that if any country can prove it's eligible for a position on the Executive Committee then they should be given one; otherwise no.
We are hopeful that you will consider our request to include at least Afghanistan, India or Pakistan (or other countries which have not been considered so far by ICC) in this year's list of potential candidates and ensure representation for all member federations in the Executive Committee. This would also help increase participation from such nations in upcoming World Cup Qualifiers; otherwise we will not be able to participate, even if we want to.
We request you to consider our objection and allow at least one representative for India on this important committee so that a fair decision can be made based upon merit instead of financial constraints which does not seem to have been addressed by the Board or in any form till date.
Thanking you very much, we look forward to hearing from you soon regarding our request.
Yours sincerely,
Honourable Secretary-General
The All India Football Federation (AIFF)
[email protected]
We would like to thank AIFF for bringing this matter before the ICC Board and providing us with an opportunity to raise objections on behinas.com as well. We appreciate that it is a very important issue which needs due consideration, therefore we are grateful for your efforts in addressing it on our behalf.
It has been brought to our notice by AIFF that there were some other countries being considered for the Executive Committee slots before Afghanistan and South Africa got them but not India nor Pakistan. This is correct as per official information provided by ICC. As stated above, we are hopeful that one of these nations will be included on this year's list to ensure fair representation in line with Article 12(d)(iii) of the Constitution.
We appreciate AIFF raising a strong objection and also note our earlier consideration at several meetings where ICC (then BCCI) had turned down similar requests by India over the years, even though we were fully committed to meeting all requirements set out in Article 12(d)(iii). It would appear that there are no concrete plans on their part to address this issue and ensure fair representation for member federations as required.
Therefore, although your request has been noted by us it is unlikely we will be able to fulfil the same unless ICC makes a change in its decision or resolves any issues arising out of such objection before next year's World Cup Qualifiers. We wish you good luck and hope that this issue gets resolved soon.
We have received your communication dated 28 June, 2019 regarding the same subject matter as raised by AIFF with respect to our decision taken on 27 June, 2019 regarding Executive Committee slots. We thank you for bringing it before us and we would like to reiterate that we stand firmly behind our decision which was taken after a detailed review of all available options based upon merit.
The reason stated by the Board is clearly outlined in paragraph (4) under Annex-A, which states: "The Executive Committee will also need to ensure it has representation from countries with significant investment and financial commitments, as well as those who have demonstrated a record of strong support for our work." We therefore stand firmly by the decision taken.
We understand that there are concerns being raised about this issue regarding Article 12(d)(iii) of ICC's Constitution; however we believe it is not applicable in this case, since Afghanistan has never been a part of any executive committee as per official records which date back to before the last general assembly. The BCCI (ICC) have provided all available information and clarification regarding this matter within their letter dated 28 June 2019.
We would like to thank AIFF for raising concerns over this issue on our behalf and wish them success in forthcoming qualifiers under IFA-BHU regional co-operation agreement, which is not related at all with the above matter as it relates only to domestic competitions between India and Bangladesh.
We would also like to reiterate that we stand firmly by our decision and do hope you will join us in supporting this move towards a better IFA future for India Football.
Yours sincerely,
Dr Ekramul Haque, Chairman
Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB)
[email protected]
Dear Mr. Eh Quamul Haque,
We would like to express our appreciation regarding your letter dated 24 July 2 Written by Dr Andrew MacMillan, Department of Economics, University of Essex and Prof Nicole Mays, Professor of Marketing at Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University. The paper was published in Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.
As businesses increasingly turn to social media as a way for consumers to voice their opinions on products and brands, there has been growing interest from academics about how these online consumer reviews (e.g., Amazon) might affect purchase decisions. But there’s still little empirical evidence of the effect that negative product experiences have when they appear in social media versus more traditional forms like newspapers or magazines.
Our research examines whether it matters where consumers read negative feedback about a firm, and specifically looks at how this impacts consumer behaviour over time. We also investigate what type of product is being reviewed – since different products may be associated with different types of information search (e.g., do people need to talk to a salesperson when they’re buying an air purifier but not so for a bottle of wine?).
We look at online reviews posted on Amazon, Yelp and TripAdvisor. We find that the impact of negative word-of-mouth varies by where it appears: while reviewing in social media has little short term effect (a week later), traditional forms like newspapers have a much larger immediate effect but this dissipates over time to about zero.
The researchers argue these results show that people do not appear to care how negative information is framed as long as it’s there. However, the type of product does make a difference: for more complex products with an “experience” component (such as hotels), negative reviews in traditional media have much greater effect than social media and this persists over time – suggesting that these types of products are bought using different processes from those based on information search.
This has implications not just for businesses, but also policy makers who should be aware of how the public may react to a product recall or negative review. In addition it provides some food for thought when considering if and where to advertise in these media – since our results indicate that social media reviews have little effect on purchasing decisions immediately but might impact over time, unlike traditional forms such as newspapers.
Dr Andrew MacMillan, Senior Lecturer at the University of Essex Business School says:
“Social media platforms like Amazon and Yelp are increasingly becoming a key source of information for consumers when making purchase decisions on all kinds of products – from airline flights to hotels. However, there is little empirical evidence yet about how negative reviews in these platforms affect purchasing behaviour over time.
Our research examines the effect that different forms of word-of-mouth (WOM) have across three social media and traditional media channels: Amazon, Yelp and TripAdvisor; as well as for two types of product – those with experience components like hotels, versus products where information search is less critical like a bottle of wine.
We find that reviews posted on these sites in newspapers have the greatest negative effect immediately but this impact disappears over time (suggesting people simply forget or ignore them). On the other hand, social media platforms such as Amazon and Yelp do not appear to influence short-term behaviour – although they may affect purchasing decisions over a longer period.
In addition we find that for products with experience components like hotels, negative reviews on newspapers have the largest impact but this effect persists over time (and thus appears different to how it works for other products). This suggests these are bought using different processes from those used when buying simpler commodities like wine.
Overall our research highlights that WOM in social media platforms is not as influential on consumer behaviour – both now and over the long term – but this might change with time given how much of an increasing importance they have become.”
